Wheel Bug on a Hibiscus leaf.
According to Evolutionary Theory (AtET)
1. The (evolutionary) term "primitive" means "coming earlier in evolution."
2. The (evolutionary) term "advanced" means "coming later in evolution."
3. The (evolutionary) term "modified" means "changed by evolution."
4. The (evolutionary) term "adaptation, n. (adapt, v.) means that a species or stucture has evolved so that the organism can survive better in its environment.
5. AtET, the first cellular organisms did not have a membrane-bound nucleus.
6. AtET, the first living organisms were aquatic (lived in water).
Where do they live?
1. The adjective "aquatic" means "living in water".
2. The adjective "marine" means "living in salt water".
3. The adjective "fresh water" means "living in water that does not contain much dissolved ions/minerals/salts".
4. The adjective "amphibious" means "both water and land".
5. The adjective "terrestrial" means "living on land".
6. The adjective "arboreal" means "living in trees".
7. The frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, etc. are animals in the Phylum Chordata that are in the Class Amphibia.
8. Amphibians are animals in the Phylum Chordata that have a(n) aquatic larval stage with gills and a(n) terrestrial adult stage with lungs.
9. Name two orders of insects that we discussed in class that have an amphibious life history. Order Odonata and Order Ephemeroptera
10. Circle two of the following that do not (normally) contain fresh water.
(clouds, dew, fog, glaciers, ground water, hail, lakes, oceans, ponds, rain,
runoff, rivers, seas, snow)
Homecoming 2008 -- (Central Catholic 17 Bulldogs 0)
Skeletal System
1. Insects/Arthropods have a(n) exoskeleton consisting of a(n) hardened outer skin.
2. Humans/Mammals have a(n) endoskeleton consisting of bones.
3. The skin of insects/arthropods is called a(n) exoskeleton because it surrounds the muscles that are attached to it for movement.
4. The bones of humans/mammals are called a(n) endoskeleton because they are inside the muscles that are attached to them for movement.
(4) 5. Give three functions of the skeleton that we talked about in class.
1. supports the body 2. protects internal organs 3. acts as a
system of levers with muscles attached for movement
Entomology
1. The most successful animals in the world are in the Class Insecta/Hexapoda.
2. The most successful animals in the world are in the Order Coleoptera.
3. Insects, spiders and lobsters are all in the Kingdom Animalia.
4. Insects, spiders, scorpions and millipedes are in the Phylum
Arthropoda because they have a segmented exoskeleton, and paired
jointed appendages.
5. When arthropods/insects molt, they shed their skin/exoskeleton to
grow larger.
*6. When reptiles/snakes molt, they shed their skin.
*7. When mammals molt, they shed their hair/fur.
*8. When birds molt, they shed their feathers.
*9. ? are in the Class ? .
*10. The Class Arachnida includes the spiders, scorpions, harvestmen
(daddy longlegs), mites and ticks which all have four pairs of (eight)
legs.
*11. The Class Crustacea includes the crabs, lobsters, crayfish and
shrimp which are mostly aquatic arthropods with two pairs of antennae
and gills.
12. The Class Insecta/Hexapoda include arthropods with three body
regions, one pair of (two) antennae, compound eyes, three pairs of
(six) legs and usually two pairs of (four) wings.
13. Insects are arthropods that have one pair of (two) antennae, three
pairs of (six) legs and usually two pairs of (four) wings (as adults).
14. The three parts of an insects body include the head (with
antennae, compound eyes and mouth parts), thorax (with wings and legs) and abdomen (with intestines and reproductive structures).
15. In Biology, an adult is any organism that is capable of reproducing.
16. Only adult insects have wings and reproductive structures.
17. Insects in the Subclass Apterygota are primitively wingless
insects meaning that they do not have wings and they are not descended
from insects that had wings.
18. The insect Order Thysanura is an example of insects in the
Subclass Apterygota.
19. The insect Order Thysanura includes the bristletails, silverfish
and firebrats.
*20. The insect Order Thysanura are primitively wingless insects that
are named for their long tassel-like appendages called cerci (cercus,
sing.).
*21. The cerci of insects consist of a pair of appendages on the ends
of their abdomens.
22. Insects in Order Thysanura are placed in the Subclass Apterygota
because they are primitively wingless insects.
23. Insects in the Subclass Pterygota are insects that have wings (or
are descended from insects that had wings).
24. The exopterygote insects are winged insects with simple/gradual/incomplete metamorphosis.
25. The young of exopterygote insects are called nymphs.
26. A(n) instar refers to the stage in the development of an arthropod/ insect between molts.
27. The egg of an exopterygote insect hatches into the first nymphal instar.
28. The first nymphal instar molts to become the second nymphal instar
which is larger in size.
29. In exopterygote insects, the last nymphal instars have little sacs
called wing pads/wing buds in which the wings develop prior to the
final molt.
30. Exopterygote insects have simple/gradual/incomplete metamorphosis.
31. In exopterygote insects, the young look like the adults except
they are smaller, have no wings and do not have reproductive
structures.
32. The Orders Odonata, Ephemeroptera, Orthoptera, Dermaptera, Hemiptera and Homoptera we studied in class are all in the Group Exopterygota because they all have wings, simple metamorphosis and their young look like adults (except they are smaller, etc. -- see above).
33. The insect Order Odonata includes the dragonflies and damselflies
(and gets its name because these insects have tooth-like mandibles for
chewing mouth parts).
34. The insect Order Ephemeroptera includes the mayflies (and gets its name because these insects are adults/with wings only long enough to mate and lay eggs).
35. The mayflies, Order Ephemeroptera, are the only insects that have functional wings before they become adults. The last instar before they become adults, called the subimago, has thick wings that allow the insect to weakly fly to the shore where it immediately molts into the adult (imago). 36. The Order Orthoptera includes the grasshoppers, crickets,
katydids, mantids, walking sticks and cockroaches (and gets its name
because many grasshoppers have straight wings/wing veins).
37. Short-horned grasshoppers have short antennae.
38. Long-horned grasshoppers have long antennae.
*39. The plagues of locusts in the Bible were plagues of flying
short-horned grasshoppers.
40. The insect Order Dermaptera includes the earwigs (and gets its
name because of the skin-like wings).
41. The earwigs have hardened cerci on the ends of their abdomens that
act as pinchers.
42. The insect orders Hemiptera and Homoptera both have similar
piercing sucking mouth parts but are placed in different orders
because of their wings.
43. The insect Order Hemiptera includes the true bugs (such as the
large milkweed bugs and the wheel bug that we saw in class)(and get
their name because they have half-thickened front wings).
44. The insect Order Homoptera includes cicadas, aphids, hoppers,
whiteflies and scale insects (and get their name because their wings
are completely membranous).
45. The endopterygote insects are winged insects with complete metamorphosis.
46. The young of endopterygote insects are called larvae.
47. The larvae of flies are called maggots.(Baby flies are called maggots.)
48. If you see a tiny fly flying around, you are seeing an adult
(full-grown) fly of a species that doesn't grow very large.
49. The larvae of moths and butterflies are called worms or caterpillars.
50. The larvae of beetles are called grubs.
51. The egg of a(n) endopterygote insect hatches into the larva.
52. The larva of an endopterygote insect is the feeding stage of the insect.
53. When the larva of an endopterygote insect is full-grown, if forms
a(n) pupa with a hardened outer skin in which it self-digests to form
the adult.
54. The pupa of a moth is usually found in a spun or woven case called
a(n) cocoon.
55. The pupa of butterflies is called a(n) chrysalis.
56. Endopterygote insects have complete metamorphosis.
57. In endopterygote insects, the young do not look at all like the adults.
58. In endopterygote insects, the adults have a completely different
lifestyle from the young and have wings, reproductive organs, different
mouths, different muscles and different brains.
59. The insect Orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera we studied in class are all in the Group Endopterygota because they all have wings, complete metamorphosis and their young do not look like or act like the adults (see above).
60. The insect Order Coleoptera includes the beetles (and get their
name because their front wings are hardened "sheaths" that protect
their membranous hind wings and their bodies).
61. The elytra are the hardened front wings of beetles that act as
sheaths to protect the membranous hind wings and the bodies of these
insects. (sing. elytron)
62. The beetles, Order Coleoptera are the most successful order of
animals in the world (with over 300,000 species).
63. The insect Order Diptera includes the flies (and get their name
because these insects only have one pair of wings).
64. The halteres of flies are modified hind wings that act like
gyroscopes to give the flies stability in flight. (The halteres of
flies make this order highly adapted for precise flying and this is
why the flies are the second-most successful order of insects with
over 85,000 species).
65. A(n) gyroscope is a spinning weighted object that resists a change
in position because of what physicists call "the conservation of
angular momentum."
66. When you ride a bicycle, the wheels act as gyroscopes to keep you upright.
67. The insect Order Lepidoptera includes the butterflies and moths
(and get their name because of the scales that cover and give color to
their wings).
68. The wings of butterflies and moths are covered with tiny scales
which protect the wings and give them their color patterns.
69. The pupa of a moth is usually found in spun or woven case called a(n) cocoon and the pupa of butterfly is called a(n) chrysalis.
70. The insect Order Hymenoptera includes the ants, bees, wasps,
hornets, yellow jackets, mud daubers, chalcids and ichneumons (and
gets its name because the wings of these insects are membranous).
71. The ovipositor of an insect is an egg-laying structure on the end
of the abdomen.
72. The ovipositor of the cricket we saw in class is used to place her
eggs under the ground.
73. AtET, a(n) stinger is a modified ovipositor that is used as a weapon.
*74. The main eyes of insects are called compound eyes because they
each have many lenses called facets. (Compound eyes age adapted for
detecting motion.)
75. Insects also have simple eyes that only have one lens each.
76. The reproductive potential of a species is the maximum rate of
reproduction of that species under constantly ideal conditions for the
species.
Back to 2nd 9 weeks.
Homecoming Bonfire 2008
